Quebec living off the rest of Canada?

An intresting study was published by the Frontier Centre for Public Policy about equalizations payments in Canada. The paper is called The Real Have-Nots in Confederation: Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia.

Here is a small summary:

''Equalization is a $14.2 billion federal program which transfers federal tax dollars to provincial governments. In 2009/10, Quebec will take the lion’s share of the money at almost $8.4 billion, while the other major recipients include Manitoba at just over $2-billion, New Brunswick at almost $1.7 billion, and Nova Scotia at almost $1.4 billion.

This study takes the “long view” of equalization. Thus, while Ontario will receive equalization payments of $347 million this year, this is an anomaly; most years, Ontario is a “have” province on equalization and is counted as such in this study. In addition, Ontario is still a net contributor to confederation and federal coffers when other transfer programs are included.

Equalization is described in the following manner Subsection 36(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982:

“Parliament and the government of Canada are committed to the principle of making equalization payments to ensure that provincial governments have sufficient revenues to provide reasonably comparable levels of public services at reasonably comparable levels of taxation.”

Findings:

In fact, far from “comparable levels of services,” British Columbia, Alberta and Ontario have lesser levels of services. For example:

· Nova Scotia and Quebec have more doctors per 100,000 people than do B.C., Alberta and Ontario;
· New Brunswick, Prince Edwards Island, Nova Scotia, Manitoba, and Quebec have more nurses per 100,000 people than do Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia;
· Prince Edwards Island, New Brunswick, Manitoba, and Nova Scotia have more long-term residential care beds per 100,000 people than do Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia;
· On social service spending, Quebec spends more per capita than any other province, at $2,342, while British Columbia is second at $1,702; the other two have provinces, Alberta and Ontario, spend $1,592 and $1,398 respectively;
· In terms of provincial public servants per 100,000 people, PEI, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Quebec all have more provincial civil servants than do Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia; perhaps more than any other indicator, this measurement reveals how have provinces subsidize large governments in the have-not provinces through the federal equalization program.

“The real have-nots in Confederation are those provinces that have, through their federal tax dollars, historically contributed massive amounts to equalization,” write authors Eisen and Milke. “British Columbia, Alberta and Ontario now find their benefits from taxation are demonstrably fewer than those available in the provinces to which they have contributed so much, the so-called have-nots.” ''


These issues really comes out in tough economic times. The Have provinces will really begin looking at these issues in the futur as times get tough and will demand changes. This will leave Quebec in a tough situation. The solution for Quebec is to move towards encouraging entrepreneurship and not dependance on state programs.